Identity Through Walking And Isolation - 1861 Words

Identity through Walking and Isolation Self discovery of your identity can be a lengthy process that requires a lot of time and isolation in order to find out who you are. Isolation is key while finding out your identity because it requires you to think for yourself without any outside influences. Walking alone is a great way to free your mind and look at your surroundings to find out who you are. In â€Å"The Solitary Stroller and the City† Rebecca Solnit talks about experiencing finding herself while walking alone through the city. She talks about being in a state of solitude in a city full of people. In The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time by Mark Haddon, Christopher is isolated due to the fact that he has Asperger’s Syndrome. He finds himself through utilizing the world around him. â€Å"The Solitary Stroller and the City† and The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time both demonstrate that walking and isolation are essential to discovering a personal self identity. In â€Å"The Solitary Stroller in the City† Solnit writes about how cities are made up of strangers. Solnit writes that, â€Å"In the city, one is alone because the world is made up of strangers, and to be a stranger surrounded by strangers, to walk along silently bearing one’s secrets and imagining those of the people one passes, is among the starkest of luxuries.†(pg. 186) Walking in solitude can be beneficial to one’s self awareness of the community surrounding you. While driving around a foreign city orShow MoreRelatedSocial Isolation, Neglect And Child Development964 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Isolation, Neglect and Child Development Social isolation is defined by Nicholson (2009) as a state in which the individual lacks a sense of belonging socially, lacks engagement and social contact with others and is unable to form quality relationships (as cited in Nicholson, 2012). Social isolation and neglect can have detrimental effects on a child’s overall physical, cognitive and emotional development. According to Kendall, Murray and Linden (2007), the initial love and nurturance weRead MoreEssay On Life Worth Living1290 Words   |  6 Pagesthough we stand in quicksand, unable to break free and move beyond. In Hamlet the quicksand grabs a hold of all the vengeful characters and sadly drags them down. We see a similar myopic view of life in Grendel who can’t seem to escape his hatred and isolation and in On The Amtrak from Boston to NYC where the Native American woman suffocates herself with generations of hatred toward whites. In A Drug called Tradition and in Kathryn Morton’s Story-Telling we s ee the importance of not being â€Å"trapped† inRead MoreBelonging Essay1048 Words   |  5 PagesConnection is the restorative force by which individuals reaffirm or transform their identities. Ultimately, it is the ability to form meaningful and sustaining relationships that allows individuals to assess and affirm their values. 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The tone of the narrative isRead MoreThe Theory Of Self Contentment And Wholeness1408 Words   |  6 Pagesonce he has cast off the false mantel of the social self that all those in society are obliged to wear’. The extent to which he could live outside of society can be demonstrated through his odyssey of self-discovery, for he found contentment and delight in simple pleasures such as nature and botanising, meditation and walking. His prolonged explorations of the natural world led him to experience states of reverie, something he confirms after his stay on the Ile de St. Pierre. It is in promenade fiveRead MoreZombies And Its Effects On Society1718 Words   |  7 PagesZombies appear to be evolving not only physically, but mentally as well. Due to their adaptations to feelings of sadness, love, and isolation, zombies have been rising in popularity. Their emotional adaptations have extended as far as zombies having romantic relationships, allowing the new genre of film, zombie romance, to peak the horizon and contribute to their prominence throughout history. In addition, the effects of their popularity on society include studies that have shown children obtainingRead MoreFranz Kafka and I smail Kadare861 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis) and Gjorg (from Broken April) were actually similar in comparison. The similarities are isolation, loneliness, and their father figures. Nevertheless, both stories are magnificent to read during spare time. In The Metamorphosis, Gregor lives a melancholy life with his parents and sister. One day Gregor awakes to find that he has been transformed into a bug. A jump through the story, finds Gregor isolated because his family really did not approve of what he has become. The onlyRead MoreUnderstanding Erickson s Stages Of Psychosocial Development784 Words   |  4 PagesErickson’s Stages of Psychosocial development. These include, stage one: Trust versus mistrust, Stage two: Autonomy versus doubt, Stage three: Initiative versus guilt, Stage four: Industry versus inferiority, Stage five: Identity versus role confusion, Stage six: Intimacy versus isolation, Stage seven: Generativity versus stagnation, and finally Stage eight: Integrity versus despair. Stage one takes place from when a child is born until the age of one. In stage one â€Å"the infant is uncertain about the worldRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Psychosexual Development1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthe right track? In life, pe ople see development in different ways. From birth to death, the developmental process is very complex. There are many theorists who have researched what a person goes through and their behavior. They have established a set of guidelines and stages that a person should go through or be doing at certain times throughout life. Thus, this paper will aim to discuss the three main theories of development; Freud’s theory, Erikson’s theory, and Piaget’s theory. Sigmund FreudRead More‘A sense of belonging often emerges as a result of our feelings of acceptance and understanding.’1143 Words   |  5 Pagesattitudes to belonging are modified over time. Texts may also reflect choices not to belong, or barriers which prevent belonging. This is shown through the anthology ‘Immigrant Chronicle’ – by Peter Skrzynecki (1975). Also in the movie The 40 Year Old Virgin. Each of these texts explores belonging of acceptance and understanding in their own ways. Through the poem ‘Feliks Skrzynecki’ the composer portrays Feliks as a family man and saying that they connect together as one. Creating a sense of place

Modernity of Japanese Women - 1172 Words

Both â€Å"Naomi† and â€Å"The neighbor’s wife and mine† are representative stories of westernization of Japanese culture. Naomi was written by Junichiro Tanizaki and published in newspaper in 1924. It demonstrates aestheticism and created the word naomism that represents the modern girl. The neighbor’s wife and mine is also a story that shows how Japanese people were longing to be like westerners. Both are stories of transition from classic Japanese culture to modern western style culture. I would like to describe how each story represents modernity and the difference of each women modernization. The neighbor’s wife and mine is the first sound effect movie in Japan. As we can see, the title is written in horizontal line instead of traditional†¦show more content†¦She silently began make something on the sewing machine and with the loud noise showed that she is angry. With nonverbal behavior she got a new dress. In contrast to the wife in The neighbor’s wife and mine, Naomi acted totally different when she desired something. She does not hesitate to ask Joji for a new dress. She feels that it is his duty to buy her a new cloth to keep her beautiful. Second, the status of women in the relationship between men and women is different. In The neighbor’s wife and mine, Shimano’s wife respects her husband and never forgets to stand by him. For instance, when Shimano was playing game with his friends at late night, she did not feel confortable because her children were sleeping and she wanted to go to bed. However, she did not say anything to the gests because she knows it embarrass her husband in front of his friends. Quite and modest was the way woman needed to be. In contrast, Naomi points out that man and woman should be equal. She does not think that woman needs to follow her husband. For example, it is to bring shame to her husband to be along together with a single man. However, she does not hesitate to do it, and says â€Å"we are just friend.† This action is unacceptable in traditional Japanese culture. According to the Article of Harootunian, The Marxist criticShow MoreRelatedCultural Proximity And Cultural Distance1523 Words   |  7 PagesProximity and Cultural Distance As Japanese economy soared, its media products such as manga, TV shows, movies and music spread out across Asia. Especially, the young people in Asia began to embrace Japanese culture rather than the culture from the most dominant culture exporter- the United State, and this phenomenon was analyzed by Koichi Iwabuchi in his Feel Asian Modernities. His account of this intra-regionalization in Asia is cultural proximity that Japanese culture shares intimate similaritiesRead MoreSome Prefer Nettles1030 Words   |  5 PagesMost Japanese traditions involve every aspect of Japanese life. These traditions have also evolved over a period of thousands of years. 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The nuclear family traditionally consisted of the parents and their childrenRead MorePost War On Japan s End Of The 21st Century1707 Words   |  7 PagesPost-war society in Japan caused a shift in society with the in the push for social and cultural change that caused many Japanese people to reconsider certain aspects of their life such as family and the workplace. These changes in particular, had not really developed fully until the end of the 21st century because of Japan’s delay in modernity. One of the problems Japan faces today is the rise of an older generation and the decline in birth rate. The cultural values of young adults in this generationRead MoreThe Era Of A New World Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesMethods of achieving modernity or any empire wide ideal has always required force, but the methods of the empires drastically changed during the 20th century and became much more s evere and deadly. The 20th century was an era of a new imperialism. The extensive properties of this imperialism reached a new height as 80% of the Earth’s land surface dominated by either a European country or America. In previous imperialist periods, empires faced practical difficulties with expansion, such as man powerRead MoreJapan: A Modern Day Nation Essays1445 Words   |  6 Pageshistory the government, technology/knowledge, tradition and culture of Japan, it is to be seen as why Japan is a prime example of a modern nation within the 21st century. These characters, joined together old and new, will present a rendition for the modernity and culture of Japan. Japan’s government has been ever-changing during the periods of variable great renditions that occurred in the past two centuries. As part of Japan’s modern identity, the governments of its history of been the result of continuousRead MoreOrientalism And Orientalism1616 Words   |  7 Pagesmisjudgments and representations. Through the mechanisms of cultural hegemony, Orientalism has been given the durability to persist and exist within the minds of Westerners and the Orient itself. The orientalist discourse exists in response to Western modernity, acting as an aberration that relies on the foreignness, imperialism, and presence of social hierarchies that present the timeless orient as a place of exoticness and mystery. As referenced by Edward Said, Orientalism acts as an organized form ofRead MoreThe, This Burns My Heart, By Samuel Park1248 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Korean War. The government of South Korea was struggling through years of corruption, coercion, and di ctatorships. South Korea was becoming divided between tradition and modernity. Before the Korean War and the Second World War, Korea as a whole was dealing with the division between tradition and modernity due to the Japanese colonization of Korea. The Korean people were torn between what they had known for thousands of years and the promises of new technologies and improved life. Korea has beenRead More The Traditional Culture of Asian Civilizations from 1500 to 17001200 Words   |  5 PagesCivilizations from 1500 to 1700 veered towards modernity or careened back toward traditional culture? From the 16th to 18th century, the prominent Asian Civilizations were the Mughal Empire, the Ming Dynasty of China and the Edo Period of Japan. There was an obvious trend that these empires leaned toward traditional culture mainly because of political influences. Although there were also several aspects of each society such as the more important role of women in the Mughal Empire, the interactions ofRead MoreBarbie : Barbie Obsession 1404 Words   |  6 PagesHyun Sim HIST 406A Asian Women Professor Kuo 13 November 2014 Barbie Obsession The Book Naomi takes a place in Japan during the 1920s; periods where there had been a shift in the society from traditions to new modernities. One of the main characters, Jà ´ji, maintains both conservative and liberal attitudes because he had lived through both periods of time. In contrast, the other character named Naomi, who is relatively younger than Jà ´ji, presents to be the Japanese modernity. Although Jà ´ji is a still

The problem and review of related literature and studies Essay Example For Students

The problem and review of related literature and studies Essay IntroductionEveryone is of course pre-determined to hold an progeny. This would merely be in a relationship of a adult male and adult female. It is non ever true in a relationship if there is a new life that will be formed. Several factors may lend to the hinderances in the formation of new life particularly to adult male because male ( sperm ) gamete is the 1 responsible to originate fertilisation. the brotherhood of male ( sperm ) and female ( ovum ) gametes. These may include low sperm counts. hapless sperm quality. anatomical jobs and hormonal instabilities. These factors were besides described under male sterility which leads to inability to bring forth offspring. Pre-fabricated drugs to handle this are readily available in the market. but it is associated with some unwanted effects. Talahib ( Saccharum spontaneum ) is one of the most abundant workss found in the Philippines particularly in unfastened countries. The different parts of talahib are pharmaceutically used as diuretic. cataplasm. cathartic. styptic and cream. It is besides found to be an aphrodisiac that has an consequence to elicit sexual desire which may resemble to hike birthrate. The research workers aim to turn out the effectivity of ethanolic infusion of talahib on spermatocyte proliferation in male coney ( Oryctolagus Cuniculus ) . The foliages of talahib will be used in this experiment. The research workers will besides carry on phytochemical showing for the finding of the different chemical components present in the talahib leaves. Therefore. if the ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages will be proven effectual. it would be good to those twosomes who desires to hold an offspring most particularly to male which is the focussed of this survey on spermatocyte proliferation. Statement of the ProblemThis survey deals with the finding of the efficaciousness of ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages on spermatocyte proliferation. Specifically. the surveypurposes to reply the followers:1. What are the different phytochemical components present in the ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages? 2. Is at that place a correlativity between testosterone degree and sperm count in different interventions of ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages? 3. Is there a important difference on spermatocyte proliferation between the different interventions of ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages to that of Proviron? Hypothesiss Ho – There is no important relationship between testosterone degree and sperm count in different interventions of ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages. Ho – There is no important difference between ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages and Proviron as commercially used agent for sterility. Significance of the Study The survey has important bearing information on the spermatocyte proliferation of ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages. Therefore. the current survey is important to the undermentioned: Community. The consequence of the survey will be helpful to the community which can supply an low-cost and alternate beginning for the intervention of sterility jobs particularly to adult male. Department of Health ( DOH ) / Department of Science and Technology ( DOST ) . The consequences of the survey will give extra information about the usage of talahib as a beginning of intervention for sterility jobs to adult male. Pharmaceutical Industries. The consequence of the survey would be of great aid in the preparation of new agent for intervention of sterility most likely if it would be more powerful than the commercially available drug. Research workers. This survey helps the research workers to put cognition to the position and have a position on the medical specialties available in the market that will heighten the production of spermatocytes. Future Researchers. This survey will function as the footing and mention of the hereafter research workers particularly if their survey focused on spermatocyte proliferation. Setting of the Study The phytochemical showing of the different components present in the ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages will be conducted at St. Paul University Philippines ( SPUP ) College-Science Laboratory. The talahib leaves will be collected at Masical. Baggao. Cagayan. Scope and Delimitation This survey deals chiefly on the efficaciousness of ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages on the spermatocyte proliferation. The infusion will be subjected to phytochemical showing to find the presence of secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids. Quaternary and/or Amine Oxidase Bases. Flavonoids. Tannins and Polyphenolic Compounds. Carbohydrates. Saponin Glycosides. Proteins. Fixed Oils. Fats. and Volatile Oils and Anthraquinones. The research workers will administrate the infusion through unwritten forced feeding in the male white coney. This survey will quantify the testosterone degree. figure of sperm. morphology of sperm and motility of sperm. This will find the consequence of ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages on spermatocyte proliferation. The disposal of the ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages with different interventions of 0. 25 gms. 0. 10 gms. 0. 05 gms. 0. 025 gms and 0. 01 gms of one 100 ( 100 ) per centum concentration will find the capacity of talahib foliages on spermatocyte proliferation. Conceptual Model Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study Theoretical ModelThe ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages will be used in this survey to find its consequence on spermatocyte proliferation. The research workers will be utilizing sexually mature male white coneies as the trial animate being from which the seminal fluid and the blood will be withdrawn to be used for semen analysis and testosterone degree analysis severally. The trial animate being will be given equal sums of nutrient and H2O and placed in the same environment for 20 eight ( 28 ) yearss so initial analysis of the seeds and blood of coneies will be conducted to eliminate physiologic factors that may impact the consequences of the survey. The seminal fluid will be collected through unreal vagina ( AV ) for semen analysis and the blood will be collected through the fringy ear venas for testosterone degree analysis. After the initial analysis. different interventions will be prepared for disposal for another 20 eight ( 28 ) yearss. Each intervention consists of three ( 3 ) replicates given in five doses of ethanolic infusion of talahib foliages. the positive control ( Proviron ) and negative control for 20 eight ( 28 ) yearss. Review of Related Literature and Studies Wild sugar cane ( Saccharum spontaneum ) is a coarse. erect. perennial. normally more or less caespitose or gregarious grass. achieving a tallness of 1 to 3. 5 metres. and lifting from stout belowground rhizome. The foliages are rough. additive. 0. 5 to 1 metre long. 6 to 15 millimetres broad. The panicles are white. erect. 15 to 30 centimetres long. with the subdivisions slender. whorled. fragile. and the articulations covered with long. soft. white hairs. The spines are about 3. 5 millimetres long. really much shorter than the voluminous. long. white hairs at the base. It is locally known as talahib ( Tag. ) . sikal ( Ibn ) . lidda ( Ilk ) . Talahib is found in unfastened countries at low and medium heights. go uping to 1. 500 metres. and frequently gregarious. busying about entirely big countries throughout the Philippines. A decoction of the roots is used in the Philippines as a water pill. Harmonizing to Nadkarni. the roots are used as a galactagogue and diuretic ( an agent that promotes nephritic elimination of electrolytes and H2O ) . Anthem By Ayn Rand EssayA man’s sperm can be changed by his overall wellness and life style. Some things that may cut down the wellness or figure of sperm include: heavy intoxicant usage. drugs. smoke coffin nails. age. environmental toxins. including pesticides and lead. wellness jobs such as epidemic parotitiss. serious conditions like kidney disease. or endocrine jobs. medical specialties. and radiation intervention and chemo therapy for malignant neoplastic disease. Erectile disfunction or powerlessness is the persistent or recurrent inability to achieve or keep an hard-on sufficient to finish sexual intercourse or another chosen sexual activity. It is really common and affects at least one in every 10 work forces. This means that there are an estimated 2. 3 million work forces in the UK agony from erectile disfunction. Unfortunately. merely approximately 10 % of sick persons really receive intervention. The figure of work forces enduring erectile disfunction additions with age. Most work forces have an occasional failure to acquire or maintain an hard-on. It normally consequences from emphasis. fatigue. anxiousness. depression. or inordinate intoxicant ingestion. The statements above represent the differences between the normally mistaken or baffled footings. erectile disfunction and sterility. It would assist the research workers and the readers to separate these footings from each other. Erectile disfunction is defined as the inability of a male to keep an hard-on sufficient to finish sexual intercourse or activity while for sterility. it is referred the inability to gestate due to low sum or absence of sperm cell production. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //smallpenises. blogspot. com/2011/01/what-are-core differences-between. hypertext markup language ) During spermatogenesis. miosis. or decrease division occurs. The spermatogonia are stem cells incorporating 46 chromosomes that divide by mitosis to bring forth two girl cells. One remains a root cell. The other becomes a primogenitor spermatogonium. destined to develop into sperm. This spermatogonium divides by mitosis to organize two primary spermatocytes. each with 46 chromosomes. The primary spermatocytes so finish the first meiotic division. bring forthing two secondary spermatocytes. eachof which contains 23 chromosomes ( 1N ) . The secondary spermatocytes later undergo the 2nd meiotic division to bring forth four spermatids. each with 23 chromosomes. 22 somatic chromosomes. and one sex chromosomes ( X or Y ) . Spermatogenesis and male birthrate are dependent upon the presence of testosterone in the testicle. In the absence of testosterone or the androgen receptor. spermatogenesis does non continue beyond the miosis phase. The major cellular mark and transcriber of testosterone signals to developing germ cells is the Sertoli cell. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. landesbioscience. com/journals/47/article/16956 ) Some endocrines are involved in the sperm production and proliferation of sperm cells. Gonadotropic endocrines secreted by the hypothalamus stimulate the Leutinizing endocrine ( LH ) and the Follicle Stimulating Hormone ( FSH ) . Leutenizing endocrine ( LH ) goes to their mark cells in the testicles called the Leydig cells doing the production of testosterone that can act upon spermatogenesis. Follicle Stimulating Hormone ( FSH ) goes to seminiferous tubules where the sperm cell is produced doing spermatocyte to develop into the sperm. Addition in the degree of follicle exciting endocrine consequences to equal sum of testosterone degree and the development of spermatogenesis returns. Testosterone is a endocrine that is secreted in the testicles act uponing the production of sperm and bring forthing secondary sex endocrines. In the seminiferous are besides sertoli cell which are designed to nurture. mature and develop the sperm. Increase production of sperm stimulates the release of inhibin from the sertoli cells. Inhibin is a endocrine that feeds back to pituitary secretory organ. modulating FSH production. without impacting LH production. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sglearnonline. com/reproductive-system. hypertext markup language ; Essential of anatomy and physiology 6th edition by Seeley. Stephen. Tate Testosterone is a endocrine found in work forces. It is produced in the testicle in work forces and in the adrenal secretory organ in comparatively smaller sums. It is non straight responsible for the production of sperm cells. but it is nevertheless still a portion of the procedure: when testosterone degrees bead so does the production of sperm. It is besides an built-in portion of men’s sexual activity. tied in with his libido and sex thrust. Hormone degrees that are affected by the testosterone in the organic structure can do jobs with interjection and hard-ons. This is the primary cause of erectile disfunction. There are many grounds for the diminution of testosterone degrees: age. emphasis. weariness. and medical conditions. This is particularly debatable if you’re seeking to gestate a babe with your married woman. Testosterone isn’t the lone fuel for a man’s sex thrust and public presentation. But low testosterone can cut down your ability to hold fulfilling sexual intercourse. Lack of sex thrust and erectile disfunction are sexual jobs that can ensue from low testosterone. In a big survey of work forces in Massachusetts. about 11 % overall said they had a deficiency of sex thrust. The research workers so tested all the men’s testosterone degrees. About 28 % of work forces with low testosterone had low libido. These work forces were comparatively immature. with an mean age of 47 ; older work forces might hold worse sexual symptoms. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. enduranz. ph/blog/the-link-between-testosterone-and-sperm-production/ ) Testosterone can cut down the ability to hold a hearty intercourse due to miss of sex thrust and erectile disfunction which consequences from the low degree of this endocrine. It is besides considered as a portion of the procedure for sperm production wherein a low degree of this endocrine. may take to a decreased sum of sperm cell. This information would assist the research workers since the parametric quantities include testosterone degree in finding the sum of sperm produced. Harmonizing to the Fertility Institutes. Laboratories executing sperm â€Å"counts† . in general. vary in the inside informations that they provide the doctor bespeaking the â€Å"count† . A general sperm count as portion of a birthrate rating should include the entire denseness or count ( 20 million per milliliter or above ) . and the motile denseness ( 8 million per milliliter or higher ) . The motile denseness is possibly the most of import portion of the seeds analysis. as it reports the entire figure of sperm idea capable of come oning from the site of sperm deposition to the site of fertilisation. This allows finding if the male have normal seeds value. Sperm morphology is the rating of sperm size. form and visual aspect. It should be assessed by carefully detecting a stained sperm sample under the microscope. The add-on of coloured â€Å"dyes† ( discolorations ) to the sperm allows the perceiver to separate of import normal features every bit good as unnatural findings. Several methods of staining sperm are used. and the method employed should be one with which the tester is comfy. WHAT ARE THE METHODS? Several forms or signifiers of human sperm have been identified and characterized. These

New Yorks Garbage free essay sample

The political and environmental issues of New Yorks waste. This paper looks at the problems faced by New York once the huge Fresh Kills landfill site is closed. Private contractors will take the garbage out of the state by river barge, but in the mean time transfer stations have been set up in poorer areas of the city. The paper discusses the political arguments that have occurred concerning these problems and the huge profits to be made by the companies involved. Waste Management Inc. has a $6 billion 20-year contract for New York. It goes on to discuss environmental pollution from these dumps, industrial pollution in the Hudson River and the problems of carcinogens and clean-ups. From the paper: ?In the garbage industry, Waste Management, Inc. remains king of garbage hauling after gaining a 20-year $6 billion contract in New York City. Waste Management Inc., based in Houston, Texas, is the largest waste collection and disposal company in the United States and has annual sales in excess of billion. We will write a custom essay sample on New Yorks Garbage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The New York City contract calls for the waste hauler to dispose of its 13,000 tons of garbage a day. This residential, commercial, and industrial garbage will be sent out of state once the Fresh Kills landfill on Staten Island is closed on Jan. 1, 2002. Covering more than 2,100 acres, the Fresh Kills landfill is so large it can be seen with the naked eye from space. (McCrory) It first opened in 1947 and is now considered the largest landfill in the world. The site is unlined and leaches thousands of pounds of toxins into nearby streams. Its odors reach into neighborhoods on both sides of the Arthur Kill, which separates Staten Island from New Jersey.?