Federal and State Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Federal and State Governance - Essay ExampleAn analysis of the disposition of the crimes in both avers provides may provide insights to the differences in policies. The incidence of violent crimes as well as recidivism in calcium is higher while Texas shows lesser recidivism and significant higher prison population. According to Kaplan and associates (2002), Texas natural law shows greater inflexibility in the use of incarceration as a penal measure citing that the personality of crime in the state historical justifies the application of such measures.Given that the United States follows a national system of government, each state is given the privilege to formulate and implement its own legal codes which complicate criminal justice programs. This is meant to allow individual states to set out criminal and penal statutes that correspond to individual or unique crime trends that may greatly differ from state to state (see Appendix A). There atomic number 18 times that policies and perspectives used differ between states depending on the perspectives, policies or by the nature of the crime perpetrate (Pillsbury, 1989). This is not to imply that crime is one state is more acceptable in another and entirely a variance in the manner by which the act is assessed and addressed (Jones and Newburn, 2005).In such a system, national statu... sure that independent criminal justice programs do not impair constitutional rights, nullify federal legislation or create conditions that will prevent equitable application of the law (Peak, 2006). In effect, though state perspectives and policies on crime and punishment may differ significantly, there are criteria or range of acceptability for the policies that each state is to implement. This also reinforces the order in policies and subsequently order in society as well.It should be noted as well, that though the criminal justice programs in California and Texas may differ significantly, they have a common purpose of pr eventing crime and victimization, maintaining order and security and back up federal objectives and policies. Conflicts or inconsistency with federal policies or that of other states are also not knowing to undermine another states authority but rather are individual trends or modes in that state or the federal governments criminal justice program (Hepburn, 1986). Furthermore, the availability of channels to mitigate and resolve conflicts, federal courts including the U.S. Supreme Court, signify that there is states are a part of a system that has established trading operations and procedures to establishing order and even harmonize policies.Community Policing Community policing initiatives have gained support in an effort to develop greater social participation in securing communities. In general there has been indication that efforts have had a measure of success but Matthews and Pitts (2000) point out that sustaining such this outcome requires the teaching of long-tern progra ms. These programs range from the development of operations and procedures, establishment of channels of command and responsibility and public education.In a similar